Lister Carbolic Spray Lister (1826-1912) used a steam spray such as this one to spray the air in his operating theatre with carbolic acid. Sprays containing measures of carbolic acid were used in Lister's wards between the 1870s and the 1890s. The maker of this spray was David Marr of 27 Little Queen Street, London, who made many of Lister's instruments. The spray has a grey metal body with a wooden handle attached at one side and a container for the carbolic acid at the other side. Water was boiled in the upper container of the main part of the spray by a spirit lamp in the lower part. The steam produced was emitted across the tube leading into the container of carbolic acid whereupon the steam mixed with the acid. Implements used by Lister for spraying underwent a steady evolution. Originally an ordinary rubber bulb spray was used, this was then replaced by a large and more cumbersome machine which was mounted on a tripod and manipulated by a long pump handle. Stage three in the development process was the steam spray shown here. The carbolic acid solution used in the sprays also developed with time, the parts of acid becoming stronger. Lister was aware that the air was a medium for germs and his belief that germs could be destroyed by chemical substances was influenced by the work of Louis Pasteur. The use of the spraying technique employed by Lister was an important element of the antiseptic ritual of treatment. Lister's success with antiseptic procedures revolutionised the treatment of disease and injuries. Related Items The papers of Joseph Lister (RCPSG 11) are held in the College Archives. The College also holds a pocket case of lancets, bistouries, probes and hooks which belonged to Joseph Lister. In the Lister room within the College there is a table and a fireplace rescued from the Lister wards of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary when they were demolished in 1924. Lord Lister's graduation gown is also displayed in this room. The College's art collection includes an etching of Joseph Lister by Wilfred C. Applebey and a print of a portrait of him by T. Hamilton Crawford, as well as a picture of the scene of the demolition of the Lister wards. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7WLyGmb4IyQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1165">David Marr; 1878-; Surgical instrument maker</a> c. 1870-1890 2003/174 Stoppered Glass Bottle of Gentian Violet Stoppered glass bottle, 20th century. Gentian Violet is a chemical stain most commonly used in histology. In medicine, this chemical can be used as an antiseptic for fungal conditions, such as Athlete's Foot. It can also be put on open wounds to prevent any infection. Unknown c. 1900s 2003/2.28 Portrait of John Reid LFPSG 1809-1881 Seated half-length with his left arm resting on an edition of "The Philosphy of Death". John Reid began his medical studies by studying anatomy under Dr William Thomson at his amatomical department on College Street. He then went on to take classes at the University of Glasgow and Portland Street School in order to receive his license from the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in 1833. He spent the majority of his career as a general practitioner in Glasgow and was a member of the Glasgow Medico-Chirurgical Society. Reid heartily opposed the work of Joseph Lister into the antiseptic principle and often wrote reviews of his work in the Lancet. Circle of Sir George Reid (Ewan Mundy 1993) 19th century 107 Portrait of James Morton MD 1820-1889, President 1886-89 Seated three-quarter length holding a book. Morton was from a family with little money so had to find the money himself to pay for his medical education. He initially studied medicine at Anderson's University and became a Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1844. He went on to earn an MD from the University of St Andrews in 1845, after which he moved to Glasgow. In 1851 he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, and was Professor of Materia Medica at Anderson's University until 1888. He worked as a surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary at the same time as Joseph Lister, but was not a supporter of Lister's work into antisepsis. He wasn't totally against the idea of antisepsis, but instead refused to believe that carbolic acid was the best solution to use as an antiseptic. Morton was president of the College from 1886 to 1889. <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1228">Morton; Thomas Corsan (1859-1928); Artist</a> 1886 133 Neoprotosil Antiseptic Glass bottle with cork stopper containing a half ounce of Neo-Protosil (Collidal Silver Iodide Compound). Used as an antiseptic cermicide. c. Unknown HD/1114 Neoprotosil Antiseptic Glass bottle with cork stopper containing capsules of Neo-Protosil (Collidal Silver Iodide Compound). Used as an antiseptic cermicide. c. Unknown HD/1115 Portable Steriliser Metal portable steriliser for sterilising instruments. c. 1920s-1940s 2007/1.20 Portable Steriliser Portable steriliser, metal, that belonged to Alexander Strang. c. 1930s 1997/7.2 Nylon Ligature Glass ampoule containing Armour's sterilized surgical ligature and curved needle <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1186">Armour Laboratories; 1867-1985; Pharmaceutical manufacturer</a> c. 1900s 2018/17.1 Dettol Bottle Dettol bottle (half full) with label of George NK Murray <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1194">Dettol; 1932-; Antiseptic manufacturer</a> George N. K. Murray; Chemist c. 20th century 2018/9.12 Antiseptic Cream Squeeze bottle of Dettol antiseptic cream, with cardboard box & leaflet. <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1194">Dettol; 1932-; Antiseptic manufacturer</a> c. 1900s 2018/9.11 Animation on Lister's Carbolic Spray In 1867, Joseph Lister published his ground-breaking article “Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery” in the medical journal, The Lancet. This article presented Lister's initial cases where he used what would become his principle of antisepsis. It was in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary that Lister first started using carbolic as an antiseptic, heralding the beginnings of a surgical revolution. The carbolic spray, however, was mainly employed during Lister's time as a surgeon in Edinburgh. As well as sterilising wounds, Lister aimed to sterilise the surgical environment. Hence, an operator would pump carbolic spray around the operating theatre to eradicate any germs. Unfortunately, this had detrimental effects on practitioners since they were inhaling highly concentrated carbolic acid. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7WLyGmb4IyQ" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> <div><a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/226" target="_blank">Portrait of Joseph Lister</a></div> <div><a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/34" target="_blank">Lister Carbolic Spray</a></div> <div><a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/211" target="_blank">Ward in the Lister Block</a></div> Fight the Germs Game This game is a spin of an old classic. Inspired by the discovery of antisepsis by Joseph Lister in Glasgow, this game was created for the 150th anniversary event, Listermania. Listermania (2018) was a celebration of Joseph Lister's pioneering work on antisepsis in Glasgow. <iframe width="1404" height="404" src="https://c.simmer.io/static/unityFrame/index.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimmercdn.com%2Funity%2FVXsEpZyf4kepQ2GmexXXewHKc5C3%2Fcontent%2Fea1dd603-1002-c9d5-db3b-767beff3a707&amp;imagePath=screens/0.png"></iframe> Glass bottles used by Joseph Lister Photograph of glass bottles used by Joseph Lister when replicating the experiment of Louis Pasteur. c. Unknown <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/226" target="_blank">Portrait of Joseph Lister</a> <div><a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1300" target="_blank">Animation on Lister's Carbolic Spray</a></div> RCPSG 23/4/17-18 Glass bottles used by Joseph Lister Two photographs of glass bottles used by Joseph Lister when replicating the experiment of Louis Pasteur. c. Unknown <a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/226" target="_blank">Portrait of Joseph Lister</a> <div><a href="https://heritage.rcpsg.ac.uk/items/show/1300" target="blank">Animation on Lister's Carbolic Spray</a></div> RCPSG 23/4/17-18 The Case of James Greenlees <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/klQjMqqJj24" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> In 1867, Joseph Lister published a series of articles in The Lancet that were to be the first examples of antisepsis in action. Each of the cases occurred during his time working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. His first case was a young boy by the name of James Greenlees, who had an open fracture of his leg. Lister set the fracture and dressed the wound in carbolic acid to prevent infection. James made a full recovery. This was the birth of antisepsis. Joseph Lister 1868 Lecture on Antisepsis Pictured here is the minute book of the Glasgow Medico-Chirurgical Society. In this meeting, Joseph Lister presented his method of dressing wounds with carbolic acid, which was key to his work in antisepsis. This lecture took place in the Faculty Hall, now the College's Princess Alexandera room. <p>"An extra meeting of the Society was held this evening, and the President occupied the chair.<br /><br />The minutes of last meeting were read and approved.<br />Mr Lister gave a lengthened exposition of the atmospheric germ theory of putrefaction, and illustrated it by the exhibition of M. Pasteur’s experiment with flasks containing urine.<br /><br />He next directed attention to the employment of Carbolic acid for the destruction of the germs presumed to exist in the air, and which Mr Lister supposed to be the exciting cause of putrefaction in wounds; and for the details of a case in which a young man sustained an incised wound of left side of thorax, with penetration through the diaphragm and protrusion of omentum through the wound externally.<br /><br />The protruding portion of omentum was cut off; and although the left pleural cavity was so distended with air and haemorrhage as to cause displacement of the heart to the right side of the chest, the young man made a perfect recovery under the Carbolic acid dressings.<br />Mr L then described the effects of a ligature applied on the antiseptic system to the carotid of a horse, and showed the portion of the artery, and the superjacent skin, as well as the ligature, all of which had been removed from the horse, which had died from some disease unconnected with the operation, 13 days after.<br />He also narrated a case of ligature of the external iliac artery by the same method, and the history of a case of necrosis of the tibia, in which some of the dead bone had come away, but was presumed to have been absorbed.<br /><br />The mode of dressing wounds with Carbolic acid was next described; the part of Carbolic acid in 20 of water being recommended for an internal application; and for external dressing, after experimenting with a number of different substances, Mr Lister had arrived at the conclusion that emplastrum plumbi with a fourth of its weight of bees wax and impregnated with Carbolic acid is the most suitable. The strength of the dressing ought however in all cases to be regulated by the nature of the wound.<br /><br />A discussion following, was, chiefly owing to the late hour, confined principally to the cause of putrefaction in wounds, and the theory which had been advanced by Mr Lister to account for the antiseptic properties of the Carbolic acid."</p> c. 1868